Penn Psychology Graduate Manual

CHAPTER 3
BEYOND THE FIRST YEAR

Statistics Requirement

This requirement, which must be met by the end of the second year, has been described under the first-year program which normally includes it. A student who has not met this requirement by the end of the second year may be asked to leave the graduate program by the Graduate Group.

Proseminars

By the end of the first semester of the third year, a student must have completed (grade of B- or better) a total of 5 c.u. of Proseminars. The student is encouraged to complete all Proseminars by the end of the second year. The student is not eligible for a Qualifying Examination until this requirement, along with that in statistics, has been met. A student may substitute one course in another department for a Proseminar if - in the opinion of the Director of Graduate Studies and of the student's advisor (for first-year students) or committee (for others) - that course fills the function of a Proseminar in the student's program.

Total Number of Courses for the Ph.D.

According to Graduate Division regulations, a student must pass 20 c.u. of graduate courses before passing to "dissertation fee" status, in which no further courses may be taken for credit. The Graduate Group requires that no more than eleven of these 20 c.u. may be research courses (e.g., Psychology 699 or 999). Typically, students sign up for 8 credits in year 1, 7 in year 2, and 5 in year 3.

Research

Students are expected to continue their research throughout their graduate career. When a student takes research courses (999), grades on these courses will be assigned by the advisor, with the advice of the student's committee, on the basis of written or oral reports of the student's research.

Teaching Experience

Students supported by the School of Arts and Sciences are required to assist in the teaching of one undergraduate course per semester of support (or do some equivalent work), except that first-year students do not do this. The total number of semesters of teaching in the first four years is thus the number of semesters of support minus two. All students, including those with other support for four years, must assist for at least two semesters.

The two semester minimum is intended to ensure that all graduate students acquire teaching experience. This typically includes examination construction and grading, consultation with individual undergraduates, and classroom teaching.

Students who get external fellowships that require 5 years of support, or students who get NSF fellowships for 3 years, must serve as a teaching assistant in their fifth year in order to be supported by the School in that year.

Students who wish additional teaching experience can usually teach undergraduate courses offered in the summer session. This involves either full or shared responsibility for a course. Occasionally, advanced graduate students may also be able to teach undergraduate courses offered during the regular academic year by the College of General Studies or the College of Arts and Sciences. Such assignments will be made by the Chair, with the advice and consent of the student's Advisory Committee and the Director of Graduate Studies. Upon request, a student involved in teaching will be assigned a faculty consultant selected from among the faculty members who ordinarily teach the course in question

Seminars and Colloquia

Graduate Seminars will be offered regularly on a variety of topics. It is expected that each graduate student will participate in some of these seminars. (See section above on total number of courses required for the Ph.D.). Attendance at the departmental colloquia is considered an integral part of the student's education.

The Qualifying Examination in Areas of High Competence

A Qualifying Examination must be taken by the end of the student's third year in residence. The academic year ends at the last Graduate Group meeting in May, at which time the status of all third-year students will be reported. If a student fails to take the examination by this deadline, the student will be considered to have failed the examination, unless the Graduate Group decides to extend the deadline. If the student fails to take the examination by the start of Graduate Classes in September, the student will be placed on a mandatory leave of absence. The leave will extend until at least January 1st, at which time the student may then return to the program by taking the examination. If one or more members of the student's committee is unavailable to grade the examination it is, nonetheless, the student's responsibility to submit whatever written documents are part of the examination by the deadline.

No later than six months before the examination is to be completed (that is, not later than early November in the third year), the student must submit an initial examination proposal to his or her Advisory Committee, with a copy to the Graduate Chair. (See the section on administrative details for a discussion of the general function and composition of the Advisory Committee.) After a period of consultation (with input from the Graduate Chair, if needed) which should not exceed four weeks, the student and committee will submit a final proposal to the Graduate Chair. The Advisory Committee and the Graduate Chair must approve the final plan, taking into account the student's preferences. The plan typically includes a list of readings for which the student is primarily resposible. All final proposals will be available (from the grad chair) for reading by any faculty member or graduate student.

The examination should be planned so that, over the course of the academic year, the student should be able to spend roughly as much time on research as on preparing for the examination.

The Advisory Committee chair must notify the Director of Graduate Students in writing whether the student has passed or failed this examination. (See below for a definition of "pass.") A student has at most two opportunities to pass the Qualifying Examination. If a second examination is necessary, the student must submit a new proposal within two weeks of the failure of the first exam, so that the new exam can be completed six months thereafter. A student who fails the qualifying exam for the second time will be asked to leave the graduate program.

The purpose of the qualifying exam is to demonstrate competence as a specialist in an area of psychology. A student who passes the exam in a field should be qualified to teach courses in that field at all levels. Although students may have more than one field, the fields are usually related.

An examination always has an oral component. The committee asks questions. A short presentation may be helpful but is not required. Before the oral, the student may do the written component by taking a time-limited examination, by writing papers, or by a combination of papers and time-limited examination. For a time-limited examination, the committee makes up questions; it may choose questions from a larger set of possible questions submitted by the student. If the student write only papers, the examination typically consists of two very ambitious papers, or two papers of more moderate ambition plus a shorter paper, perhaps a course outline. Students may wish to make one or both of the ambitious papers into something with another purpose, such as a publishable literature review or a submittable grant proposal. One of the papers may also serve as background for a subsequent thesis.

While preparing for the written exam or writing the papers, the student should consult frequently with his or her advisor and with other committee members. Advisors and committee members may provide general comments on drafts, especially about literature that should be included in a review, but not close editing. And their involvement should not be so great as to warrant the status of co-author or co-principal-investigator. Because this is an examination, it must reflect the student's knowledge, some of which may be acquired from input while working on the exam.

The Thesis

The Ph.D. thesis is the single most important component of the graduate program. It is in most respects like a high quality publishable paper reporting the results of the student's research. The thesis should not differ at all from a published report except insofar as the high cost of space in journals forces them to sacrifice clear exposition to economic considerations. A thesis, being unaffected by the cost of printing, may be redundant when redundancy is an aid to clarity. It may indulge in speculations that are interesting but that would be deleted by an editor who is unable to find room even for all the truths that are submitted to the journal. But the writer of a thesis should remember that it is only its pages that are unlimited, not the reader's time. To put things into a thesis for no better reason than that some pedant might want them is to distract all the readers from the real point of a thesis. The purpose of the Ph.D. thesis is to communicate the results of the student's doctoral research. Research uncommunicated is for all practical purposes indistinguishable from research undone. The thesis is the place where the student demonstrates his or her competence in the conduct and communication of scientific research. It is not the place where the student proves that he or she has worked long and diligently on research by recounting all those activities that he or she thought at the time might be relevant. It is, in short, not a special literary form, unique in that it is written expressly not to be read.

A student's Advisory Committee will function as the dissertation committee. It will evaluate and approve the dissertation proposal.

University rules limit the time for completing a dissertation. If the dissertation is not completed in time, the student must re-take the qualifying examination.

Dissertation Seminar

A dissertation seminar must be given by each student sometime prior to the final approval of the thesis, but after a substantial part of the research has been completed. This presentation will be open to all members of the Graduate Group; the student's Advisory Committee is expected to attend, as well as other interested faculty and students. The seminar will be scheduled wherever possible in the Wednesday or Friday afternoon "open slots" to maximize attendance. The student must supply the Director of Graduate studies no later than 10 days before the seminar is to take place with an abstract of the seminar (100-150 words).

The Director of Graduate Studies or someone designated by him or her will preside at each seminar. The student will be given a more or less uninterrupted hour to present the research, following which there will be substantive questions and discussion. There is no necessary connection between what transpires at the dissertation seminar and approval of the dissertation, which is still entirely in the hands of the Advisory Committee. However, before finally approving the dissertation, the Advisory Committee will be expected to give due consideration to points raised by the audience at the dissertation seminar.

Dissertation Defense

The Coordinator of the Graduate Program will notify the Graduate Division of Arts and Sciences that a student's dissertation has been approved only when the following sequence of events has been completed: First, the Director of Graduate Studies confirms the occurrence of the dissertation seminar. Second, the student's committee meets as a whole with the student to conduct a Dissertation Defense. At the conclusion of the Defense, the committee must decide to: Acceptance, or acceptance with revision, requires unanimity of three committee members, or, if the committee has more than three members, a majority (not a tie). The same rule applies to passing the qualifying examination.

Committee chairs should send the Director of Graduate Studies a note specifying when the committee met, who was in attendance, and what decision the committee reached. If the committee rejects the Dissertation, then it must meet again after a new version has been submitted to the committee. Students are required to submit a final copy of the dissertation to the Psychology Library. This is in addition to the copies required by the University's Graduate Division Office. Students are also required to pay all bills owed to the Department.

July, 2007